Sustainable pest and disease management has emerged as a critical component of modern agricultural systems facing the dual challenges of climate change and food security. This review examines contemporary approaches integrating biological control, precision technologies, and climate-smart strategies to minimize chemical pesticide reliance while maintaining crop productivity. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) frameworks incorporating biocontrol agents like Trichoderma and Bacillus, coupled with advanced technologies including artificial intelligence, Internet of Things sensors, and nanobiopesticides, represent transformative solutions for sustainable agriculture. Climate-smart pest management addresses adaptation, mitigation, and productivity through ecosystem-based approaches. Despite significant advances, implementation barriers including farmer knowledge gaps, technological accessibility, and regulatory challenges persist. This review synthesizes recent developments in sustainable pest management, emphasizing the integration of traditional practices with cutting-edge innovations to achieve environmentally sound, economically viable, and socially acceptable pest control strategies for twenty-first-century agriculture.

Keywords: Integrated Pest Management, Biological Control, Climate-Smart Agriculture, Precision Farming, Biopesticides.