Current Research in Agriculture and Farming (CRAF)
Year : 2025, Volume 6, Issue 5
First page : 22-30
Article doi: : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.296
Water-Smart Agriculture: Efficient Irrigation and Water Conservation Technologies
1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru 2Assistant Professor, Department of Fruit Science, Late Dr. RCSD CARS, Korea, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.) 497335 3Junior Scientist (Plant Biochemistry), Regional Horticulture Research Station, Bhaderwah, SKUAST, Jammu, JKUT 180009 4Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Horticulture (Fruit Science), RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur-313001, Rajasthan *Corresponding Author E-mail: bindusbindus857@gmail.com Received: 2.08.2025 | Revised: 16.09.2025 | Accepted: 9.10.2025
ABSTRACT
Water scarcity represents one of the most pressing challenges confronting global agriculture in the twenty-first century. Agriculture accounts for approximately 72% of global freshwater withdrawals, yet conventional irrigation methods suffer from efficiencies as low as 40–55%. This review paper comprehensively examines water-smart agricultural technologies, encompassing efficient irrigation systems and water conservation strategies that address the dual imperatives of food security and sustainable water resource management. The paper evaluates traditional and modern irrigation methods, including drip irrigation, sprinkler systems, subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), and Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart irrigation systems. Additionally, water conservation practices such as deficit irrigation, mulching, and rainwater harvesting are critically reviewed. Findings indicate that IoT-based smart irrigation can reduce water consumption by 35–50% while simultaneously increasing crop yields by up to 43%. The integration of artificial intelligence, sensor technologies, and cloud computing in precision irrigation offers transformative potential for achieving the goal of “more crop per drop.”
Keywords: Water-smart agriculture, Drip irrigation, IoT-based irrigation, Water use efficiency, Precision agriculture.
Full Text : PDF; Journal doi : http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.296
Cite this article:
Bindu, S., Paikra, P. S., Sharma, S. K., & Meena, N. K. (2025). Water-Smart Agriculture: Efficient Irrigation and Water Conservation Technologies, Curr. Rese. Agri. Far. 6(5), 22-30. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-7146.296
