Climate change threatens global food security, demanding sustainable and resilient agricultural systems. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) provides an integrated approach by enhancing agricultural productivity, strengthening climate resilience, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This review summarizes recent advances in CSA strategies for sustainable crop production, including conservation agriculture, precision farming, water-smart irrigation, agroforestry, climate-resilient crop improvement, and digital agriculture. Practices such as zero tillage, cover cropping, crop diversification, IoT-enabled monitoring, drone-based remote sensing, precision irrigation, and artificial intelligence-based decision support have significantly improved resource-use efficiency, crop productivity, and environmental sustainability. The review also highlights the role of genome editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, in developing stress-tolerant crop varieties and examines policy initiatives led by international organizations to promote CSA adoption. Despite promising advancements, constraints such as high implementation costs, limited technical expertise, and inadequate institutional support hinder large-scale adoption. Strengthened research, supportive policies, and multi-stakeholder collaboration are essential for accelerating climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture.

Keywords: Climate-Smart Agriculture, Sustainable Crop Production, Precision Farming, Conservation Agriculture, CRISPR-Cas9.