The rapid advancement of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology has transformed modern agriculture by enabling real-time, high-resolution crop monitoring and precision farming practices. This review paper examines the current state of drone technology in agriculture, focusing on the types of drones employed, the sensors integrated for data acquisition, and the diverse applications in crop health assessment, pest and disease detection, precision spraying, irrigation management, and yield estimation. Drones equipped with multispectral, thermal, and hyperspectral sensors facilitate the computation of vegetation indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), enabling early detection of crop stress and nutrient deficiencies. The paper further discusses the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms with drone-acquired data for intelligent decision-making. Despite significant benefits including enhanced efficiency, reduced chemical usage, and improved resource optimization, challenges such as high initial costs, regulatory constraints, limited battery life, and data processing complexities persist. The review concludes by highlighting future prospects for drone-based precision agriculture in achieving sustainable food production.

Keywords: Precision Agriculture, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, NDVI, Remote Sensing, Crop Monitoring.