Organic farming, a system that promotes ecologically sound, socially responsible, and economically viable agricultural production, has gained significant global attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional farming practices. This review paper critically examines the principles, benefits, challenges, and future prospects of organic agriculture. It delves into the positive impacts of organic farming on soil health, biodiversity, water quality, and climate change mitigation, while also addressing its potential contributions to food security and rural livelihoods. Furthermore, the paper discusses the socioeconomic and policy drivers influencing its adoption and provides an overview of current research trends. Despite the demonstrable advantages, hurdles such as lower yields in some systems, higher labor costs, and market access issues persist. A balanced perspective is adopted, highlighting the need for continued research, supportive policies, and consumer awareness to unlock the full potential of organic farming in building a resilient and sustainable food system for the future.

Keywords: Organic Agriculture, Sustainability, Soil Health, Biodiversity, Food Security.